Projecting Behavioural Clauses

Matthiessen (1995: 138, 145):

On the other hand, since content is projected more directly as a quote in paratactic projection, the projecting clause can also be a behavioural one — typically representing a facial reflection of saying such as frowning, smiling, grimacing but also representing some other accompanying feature coughing, hissing. These cannot project content indirectly as a report. …

Locutions are projected by verbal clauses - and also, more restrictedly, by certain behavioural clauses. Verbal projection may be either paratactic (quoting) or hypotactic (reporting), although paratactic locution is more likely; behavioural projection can only be paratactic (quoting).

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To be clear, the notion of behavioural projection complicates the model without gaining any explanatory power. Moreover, it gives priority to the choice of word over the choice of grammatical structure (verbal projection).

For Halliday, the use of a 'behavioural' verb in a projecting clause adds a behavioural feature to the verbal Process. Halliday (1994: 139):